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La Gae CR. La Naissance Chez les Azande. Congo 4. 1923:161 et seg.

Lagererantz S. Anomalous Dentition and its ritual Significance in Africa. Sudan Notes and Records. 1940;23:207.

Lambie TA; A Doctor Carries On. Philadelphia: Blakiston; 1942.

Lambie TA; Doctor on Horseback. London and Edinburgh: Fleming, H. Revell; 1944.

Lambie TA; A Doctor Without a Country. London and Edinburgh: Fleming, H. Revell; 1939.

Lambo TA; Patterns of Psychiatric Care in Developing African Countries. Kiev A, Editor. Magic, Faith, and Healing. New York: The Free Press; 1964.

Lane EW; An Account of the Manners and Customs of Modern Egyptians. London: Knight and Co.; 1833;Vol 1.

Langley M. Barbaric Custom: Female Circumcision in the A-E. Sudan. Spectator. 1949:182, 154.

Langley M; No Woman's Country: Travels in the A/E Sudan. Jarrolds; 1950.

Laota SA. Agronomic Studies on Roselle (Hibiscus Sabdariffa L.). University of Khartoum; 1990. M.Sc. Agriculture.

Larken PM. An Account of the Zande. Sudan Notes and Records. 1926;9(1):1-55.

Larken PM. Impressions of the Azande. Sudan Notes and Records. 1927;10:85-134.

Last M; Spirit possession as therapy: bori among non-muslims in Nigeria. Lewis IM, Ahmad Al-Safi, Sayyid Hamid Hurreiz, editors. Women's Medicine: The Zar-Bori Cult in Africa and Beyond. Edinburgh: Edinburgh University Press; 1991:50-63.

Last M, Chavunduka G, editors; Professionalisation of African Medicine. Manchester, U.K.: Manchester University Press; 1986.

Laurice IG. Physiological Adaptations of Desert Animals. Khartoum: University of Khartoum; 1967. Ph.D. Thesis.

Laurioz J. Notes sur les pratiques relatives aux genies "zar" en TFAI'. Pount (Djibouti). 1969;2:5-12.

Laycock HT. Surgical Aspects of Female Circumcision in Somaliland. East African Medical Journal. 1950;27(445-450).

Leach AIM. Female Circumcision: Some After Effects and Other Aspects. Journal of the Medical Women's Federation. 1961;43.

Leach AIM. Pharaonic and Sunna Forms of Circumcision As Performed on Females in the Anglo-Egyptian Sudan. Belfast: Queen's University; 1947. M.D. Thesis.

League of Nations, Health Section.  1927.

Leiris M. La Croyance aux Genies `Zar' en Ethiopie du Nord. Journal De Psychologie Normale Et Pathologique. 1938;35(1-2):108-25.

Leiris M. Le Culte des Zars a Gondar (Ethiopie septentrionale). Aethiopica. 1934;2, 3, 4:96-103, 125-36.

Leiris M. Le Eroyance aux Ganies. "Zar" en Etiopie due Nord. Journal De Psychologie Normale Et Pathologique. 1983:1-2.

Leiris M; La Possession et ses aspects theatraux chez les Ethiopiens de Gondar (L'Homme. Cahiers d'ethnologie. geographie et linguistique, n.s. 1). Paris: 1958.

Leiris M. Le Taureau de Seyfou Tchenger (Zar). Minotaure. 1933;2:75-82.

Leiris M. Un Rite Medico-magique Ethiopien: le jet du danqara. Aethiopica. 1935;3:61-74.

Leitch TAT. What Future for Zande? New Commonwealth. 1956:280-3.

Leitch TAT. Zande Cannibalism. Africa. 1956;26(3):294.

Lenzi E. Damage Caused by Infibulation and Infertility.  Acta Europea Fertilitatis. 1970;2:47-58.

Lenzi E. Damage caused by infibulation and infertility.  Act. Eur. Fertil. 1970;2:47-58.

Leo Africanus; Browne, Editor. A History and Description of Africa. `Done into English by': Pary JLondon: Hakluyt Society; 1896;3.

Leselau W. An Ethiopian Argot of People Possessed by a Spirit. Africa. 1949;19(3):204-12.

Leselau W. Zar in Africa. Africa. 1949;19.

Lewin A. Die Pfeilgifte. Berlin:  1894.

Lewin B. Der Zar, ein agyptischer Tanz zur Austreibung boser Geister bei Geisteskrankheiten, und seine Beziehungen zu Heiltanzzeremonien anderer Volker und Tanzwut des Mittelalters. Confinia Psychiatrica.  1958;1:177-200.

Lewis DJ. The Destruction of Mosquito Larvae by Terrapins. Sudan Notes and Records. 1942;25(1):(Note) 141.

Lewis DJ. Early Travellers' Accounts of Surret Flies in the A-E. Sudan. Sudan Notes and Records. 1952;33:276-298.

Lewis IM. Ecastatic Religion. Harmondsworth: Penguin Books; 1971.

Lewis IM. Exorcism and male control of religious experience. Ethnos. 1990;55:26-40.

Lewis IM. History and Social Anthropology. London: Tavistock Press; 1968.

Lewis IM; Introduction. Lewis IM, Ahmad Al-Safi, Sayyid Hamid Hurreiz, editors. Women's Medicine: The Zar-Bori Cult in Africa and Beyond. Edinburgh: Edinburgh University Press; 1991:1-16.

Lewis IM, Editor; Islam and Tropical Africa. Oxford University Press.

Lewis IM; Religion in Context: Cults and Charisma. Cambridge University Press; 1986.

Lewis IM. Spirit Possession and Biological Reductionism. American Anthropologist. 1983b;85:412-13, 416-17.

Lewis IM. Spirit Possession and Deprivation Cults. Man. 1966;1:307-329.

Lewis IM; Spirit Possession in North East Africa. In: Yusuf Fadl Hasan, Editor. Sudan in Africa. Khartoum: Khartoum University Press; 1971:212-227.

Lewis IM; Spirit Possession in Northern Somaliland. In: Beattie J, Middleton J, Editors. Spirit Mediumship and Society in Africa. London: Routledge and Kegan Paul; 1969.

Lewis IM. Spirits and the Sex War. Man. 1967:626-8.

Lewis IM; Spirits Possession in Northern Somaliland. In: Beattie J, Middleton J, Editors. Spirit Mediumship and Society in Africa. London: Routledge & Kegan Pauls; 1969.

Lewis IM; Structural Approach to Witchcraft and Spirit Possession. In: Santon M, Editor. Witchcraft, Confession and Accusation. A.S.A. Publications; 1970.

Lewis IM. Sufism in Somaliland. Bulletin, School of Oriental and African Studies. 1955;17:581-602.

Lewis IM. Sufism in Somaliland. Bulletin, School of Oriental and African Studies. 1956;18:146-60.

Lewis IM, Ahmad Al-Safi, Sayyid Hamid Hurreiz, editors.  Women's Medicine: The Zar-Bori Cult in Africa and Beyond. Edinburgh: Edinburgh University Press; 1991.

Lienhardt G. The Dinka of the Nilotic Sudan. London: Oxford; 1951-1952. D. Phil.

Lienhardt G; Divinity and Experience: The Religion of the Dinka. Oxford: Clarendon Press; 1961.

Lienhardt G. Some Notions of Witchcraft Among the Dinka. Africa. 1951;21:303-318.

Lightfoot-Klein H; Female Circumcison in Sudan Updated 1981. 1981.

Lightfoot-Klein H. Pharaonic circumcision of females in the Sudan. Medicine and Law. 1983;2:253-260.

Lightfoot-Klein H. The sexual experience and marital adjustment of genitally circumcised and infibulated famales in the Sudan. The Journal of Sex Research. 1989;26:375-392.

Lipsky CA; Ethiopia, Its Peoples, Its Society, and Its Culture. New Haven: Haraf Press; 1962:p. 111.

Littmann E; Arabische Geisterbeschworungen aus Agypten (Sammlung orientalistischer Arbeiten 19). Leipzig: 1950.

Lombard J. Les cultes de possession en Afrique noire et le bori hausa. Psychopathologie Africaine. 1967;3:419-39.

London Black Women's Health Action Project Newsletter.  1985.

Longstaff GB. Three Weeks in the Sudan. Ent. Mon. Mag. 1911;22:119; 194.

Lotar L. Poligamie et Marriage Zande. Congo 6. 1952;1:574.

Loveridge A. On Snakes Collected in the A/E Sudan by J.S. Owen. Sudan Notes and Records. 1955;36:37.

Lowenstein LF. Attitudes and Attitude Differences to Female Genital Mutilation in the Sudan: Is There a Change on the Horizon? Social Science & Medicine. 1978;12:417-421.

Ludia Bitrus T. Shukai. Ahfad College Students' Assignments Reports; 1983.

Ludwig E; Lindsay MH, Translator. The Nile; The Life-Story of a River (1881). Reprinted Edition ed. New York: Garden City Publishing; 1947.

Luling V; Some possession cults in southern Somalia. Lewis IM, Ahmad Al-Safi, Sayyid Hamid Hurreiz, editors. Women's Medicine: The Zar-Bori Cult in Africa and Beyond. Edinburgh: Edinburgh University Press; 1991:167-177.

Lund E, Samia Al-Azharia Jahn. Water Purification with Primitive Flocculation Methods as Done in Sudanese Villages. In: Poc. 2nd Int. Conf. on the Impact of Viral Diseases on the Development of African and Middle East Countries: 1981; Nairobi.

Lutfi MA. Description of a Zar Party. Al-Hakeem Medical Students Journal. 1963;14.

Lutfi MA. A Zar Party. Al-Hakeem Medical Students Journal. 1963;15:28.

Lyones HG. Climate in the Sudan. British Medical Journal. 1910;1:773.

Lyth RB. The Death of Fish. Sudan Notes and Records. 1947;28:211.